Transistor is a kind of semiconductor device, which is commonly used as amplifier or electric control switch. Transistors are the basic building blocks that regulate the operation of computers, mobile phones, and all other modern electronic circuits.

 Due to its fast response and high accuracy, transistors can be used for a variety of digital and analog functions, including amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and oscillator. Transistors can be packaged independently or in a very small area that can accommodate 100 million or more transistors as part of an integrated circuit.

 Strictly speaking, transistors generally refer to all single components based on semiconductor materials, including diodes (two terminals), triodes, field effect tubes, thyristors (the latter three are three terminals) made of various semiconductor materials. Transistors sometimes refer to crystal triodes.

 Three terminal transistors are mainly divided into two categories: bipolar transistors and field effect transistors. A transistor has three poles (terminals); The three poles (terminals) of bipolar transistor are emitter, base and collector composed of n-type and p-type semiconductors respectively; The three poles (terminals) of the field effect transistor are source, gate and drain.

 Because the transistor has three electrodes, there are also three ways to use it: emitter grounding (also known as common emitter amplification and CE configuration), base grounding (also known as common base amplification and CB configuration) and collector grounding (also known as common collector amplification, CC configuration and emitter follower)

classification

 Material Science

 According to the semiconductor materials used in transistors, they can be divided into silicon material transistors and germanium material transistors. According to the polarity of transistors, they can be divided into germanium NPN transistors, germanium PNP transistors, Silicon NPN transistors and SILICON PNP transistors.

 workmanship

 According to its structure and manufacturing process, transistors can be divided into diffusion transistors, alloy transistors and planar transistors.

 Current capacity

 According to the current capacity, transistors can be divided into low-power transistors, medium power transistors and high-power transistors.

 working frequency

 According to the working frequency, transistors can be divided into low-frequency transistors, high-frequency transistors and ultra-high-frequency transistors.

 Packaging structure

 According to the packaging structure, transistors can be divided into metal packaging (gold packaging for short), plastic packaging (plastic packaging for short), glass packaging (glass packaging for short), surface packaging (sheet) transistors and ceramic packaging transistors. Its package shapes are diverse.

 By function and purpose

 Transistors can be divided into low-noise amplification transistors, medium and high-frequency amplification transistors, low-frequency amplification transistors, switching transistors, Darlington transistors, high back voltage transistors, band stop transistors, damping transistors, microwave transistors, photosensitive transistors and magnetic sensitive transistors.

 characteristic

 Compared with electronic tubes, transistors have many advantages:

 Components are not consumed

 No matter how excellent the electron tube is, it will gradually deteriorate due to the change of cathode atoms and chronic air leakage. Due to technical reasons, the same problem also existed at the beginning of transistor manufacturing. With the progress of material manufacturing and various improvements, the life of transistors is generally 100 to 1000 times longer than that of electronic tubes.

 Very little power consumption

 It is only one tenth or one tenth of that of an electron tube. It doesn't need to heat the filament like an electron tube to produce free electrons. A transistor radio can be listened to for half a year as long as a few dry batteries, which is difficult for an electronic tube radio.

 No preheating required

 It works as soon as it is turned on. For example, the transistor radio will ring as soon as it is turned on, and the picture will appear as soon as the transistor TV is turned on. Electronic tube equipment can not do this. After starting up, wait a while before you can hear the sound and see the picture. Obviously, transistors have great advantages in military, measurement, recording and so on.

 Firm and reliable

 It is 100 times more reliable than the electronic tube and is resistant to impact and vibration, which is unmatched by the electronic tube. In addition, the volume of transistors is only one tenth to one percent of that of electronic tubes, with little heat release. They can be used to design small, complex and reliable circuits. Although the manufacturing process of transistor is precise, the process is simple, which is conducive to improving the installation density of components.

 Well, the above is some introduction to transistors. I believe you have understood this. If you have any questions, please leave a message at any time